高考英语辅导-动词和动词短语讲解
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2021-03-18
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动词和动词短语考点讲解,因此老师及家长请认真阅读,关注孩子的成长。
动词的用法集锦
一、实义动词的用法实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成及物动词和不及物动词。
1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语Mr. Smith gave——for her birthday.
史密斯先生给了他妻子20英镑过生日。
We have friends all over the world我们的朋友遍天下。
Children and young people like_________________孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。
2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 a.mand close at5:00 0r 5:30 in the evening.
英国大部分商店上午九点开门,晚上五点或五点半关门。
George's father——.乔治的爸爸住在那里。
The examination ended at 11:30a.m.
考试于上午十一点半结束。
3.特殊实义动词很多英语动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如:
close, begin, study, leave, work等。-The post office closes at 9:00 n m.邮局晚上九点关门。
___,please.请关窗。
He_ ___ .他在一家超市工作。
She— on h40ndays.
她每星期一操作这台机器。
二、三种连系动词的差异
连系动词不能单独充当句子成分,必须和它后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语部分。根据其意义,连系动词的用法不尽相同,但按类型可以分。为以下三类:
1.以be为代表的,用来表示主语“特征”和“状态”的动词,有seem,look,appear,prove,sound,taste,smell,feel等。后面跟形容词、分词、介词短语,有的还可以跟名词、不定式或从句作表语。例如:
The food smells inviting.(现在分词)Don't be excited.(过去分词)He appeared to be frienclly to us.(不定式)You look pale What's、Nrong?(形容词)Your solution proved(tc, be) effective.(不定式to be可省略)His voice sounds like tlnat of a wolf.(介词短语)The book is of much value.(介词短语)The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.(表语从句)I' seems that' am to blame for all this.(表语从句2.以become为代表的,用来描述主语变化的动词,ge‘,com。,fall,go,grow,make,run,turn等。后面要跟形容词或分词作表语。become和turn的后面还可j跟名词作表语。例如:
After graduation, he became a doctor in a middle-si;hospital.(名词)Your dream will come true one day.(形容词)Food goes bad easily in.summer.(形容词)Truth never grows old.,(形容词)rhey bave got accustomed tothe life here(过去分词)比较:He became a wr;iter later.(有冠词)He tumed writerr later.(无冠词)注意:当become的后面』跟可数名词单数形式作表语时,名词的前面要加不定冠词,tum后面的单数可数名词前不能加不定冠词。
3-以keep为代表的,用来表示主语保持某种特征和状态的动词,有r emain,stay,continue。
keep后面主要跟形容词、副词和介词短语。例如:
You must keep calm in an emergency.
Keep away from the fire, childrenWe will keep in touch with you.
.remaln后面主要跟名词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语和不定式to be。例如:
We must always remain modest in spite of what wehave achieved.
stay和contlnue后主要跟形容词作表语。
The weather continued damp and wet.
三、助动词
助动词指的是那些用来构成疑问、否定以及多种时态、语态的结构词。如:be( am,1S,are,was,were,etc),have( has, had), do( does, did), will( would), shall( should),这些助动词不能单独作谓语,必须和主要动词一起构成谓语部分。
1.be用来构成进行时态、将来时态和被动语态。例如:
English is widely spoken all over the world;(一般现在时的被动语态)The problem (正在被讨论)this morning.
(过去进行时的被动语态)We are to hold the opening ceremony next week(将来时,表示安排好的将来)2 have用来构成完成时态。例如:
They had lived there for ten years when I came.(过去完成时)You have to write the composition again, for thercare SO many mistakes in it3.do用来构成疑问句、陈述句,可以用在否定句、祈使句中加强语气,可以用来替代前面出现的动词,以避免重复。例如:
What did you think of the concert7(一般过去时的疑问句)They didn't accept my offer of help.(一般过去时的否定句) ’
The car did run very slowly, but it was faster than abike.(陈述句加强语气)Do come early next time.(祈使句加强语气)You don't adore football, but l do.(替代adore)He spent more time on English than he did on math.
(替代spent time)
4.will和shall用来构成将来时,可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。shall只能用于第一人称,will可以用于各种人称。它们的过去式为should和would,用来构成过去将来时。例如:
We shall look into the case Be patient.(一般将来时)He will finish his job ahead of time.(一般将来时)He asked me if I would attend his wedding party.(过去将来时)
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