学习方法 2021-07-28 429
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、基础知识
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?
【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.问题;事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
【注】: matter 和trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词with连用。即:
What’s the matter with .? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to .?
— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+ 形容词,意为 太...... ,too much+名词,意为 很多,大量 。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。good enough足够好,enough money=much money
6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie说谎,过去式lied
7. maybe “或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词,“听起来,好像”,The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;
need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车
11. agree 同意,赞同;
agree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.
agree to . 同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble问题,麻烦 ;be in trouble遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。
13. right away=right now=at once,意为 马上 。
14. advice [不可数名词]劝告,建议,向…征求意见, give . advice on sth.就某事给某人建议; advise [动词] advise . to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise . doing sth.
【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词 即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时,为不可数名词 即不加s
16. hurt 及物动词,使……疼痛,……受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising.
不及物动词,……(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.
clean 【动词】打扫,clean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】 干净的 ,cleaner意为 清洁工 。
18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit . on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位;
hit . in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位。
be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事,强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯,逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作:
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time;免费的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird.
free【动词】使……解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm.
run out用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。
人 . run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
22. risk ( .) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的
decision 【名词】决定;抉择; make a decision 做决定 ;
make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
25. be in the control of …掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.
be out of control无法控制,无法管理 be under control被控制住,在控制之中
26. 【复习】mind意为 介意 ,mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,
Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事,give up (playing) computer games;
give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily.
二、重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
【用法】
1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如: She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).
hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语
leave . by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己
【提醒】
1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。 如:我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用one’s own.
如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
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